The Czech Republic is another landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany, Slovakia, Austria, and Poland. It was part of Czechoslovakia from 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of WW I.  It was occupied by Germany during WW II, and liberated in 1945 by U.S. and Russian forces.  Shortly thereafter, Czechoslovakia became a Communist party state, and after an uprising in 1968, was occupied by the Soviet Union until the collapse of the Communist bloc in 1989.  In 1993, it peacefully dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, though citizens were never given an opportunity to vote.  Though democratic only 26 years, the Czech Republic with a population over 10.5 million people is significantly developed with a high income economy, and high living standards.  I would be remiss not to mention the murder of about 80% of the Jews living in what is now the Czech Republic in Nazi death camps.  Many of the remaining moved away, and only about 5,000 pa what was once a population of over 100,000.  I am afraid that neither our kids nor grand kids will know or understand the horrors of the Nazis or of the KGB of the Communist bloc (wasn’t Putin a high ranking KGB official); our guides in Slovakia, Hungary, and the Czech Republic—all women—made it abundantly clear to us.

Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic.  It has a population of about 1.25 million people, and has the lowest unemployment rate in the European Union.  It perhaps is, and has been for 1100 years, the economic, cultural, and political center of Central Europe. At one time it was the home of two Holy Roman Emperors, and thus the capital of the Holy Roman Empire. Prague survived much of the destruction and devastation experienced in other European cities, so many of their historic structures remain.  Consequently, its large historic center was named an UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.

Meeting  Sue and Chuck in the lobby after our arrival in Prague Friday afternoon, we all walked to the “new” town square.  It was a lively, crowded place filled with people, street musicians, sidewalk coffee houses and cafes, and even a protest march.  We enjoyed good Czech beer at one of the beer houses, and Kay and Sue each had a great Czech sausage with mustard, onions, and kraut from one of the sidewalk vendors.

After an unpleasant breakfast at the hotel—both the food, including scrambled eggs and sausage, and coffee were cool—we joined other Viking customers for a 4-1/2 hour walk/bus tour of Prague. We walked through the Old Town Square, Prague Astronomical Clock, Jewish Quarters and Old Jewish Cemetery, across the Charles Bridge to the Lennon Wall where a bus took us past the largest arena in the world seating over 250,000 people to the inner courtyards of Prague Castle where we briefly toured the inside of St. Vitus Cathedral.  Though not empty, the streets of the city were much less crowded than they were as the day wore on.  In fact, the inner courtyards of Prague Castle were “packed”.  Our guide was the best yet; she was knowledgeable and articulate, and the pace of the tour was perfect, even timing the chimes of the astronomical clock correctly.  She had visited the US many times, guided for the U.S. Embassy, and spoke first hand of living under communist oppression.

We rested the remainder of the afternoon before meeting Sue and Chuck for a walk to Old Town Square where we ate a sausage prepared in one of the many outdoor kitchens lining the streets.  We then walked to the New Town Square, enjoying street musicians and other sights and sounds along the way.

Sunday was a free day, and allowed for a lazy morning.  Once again, breakfast at the hotel was less than satisfactory.  Along with Sue and Chuck, we strolled the streets back to New Town Square with Kay and Sue shopping along the way, then to Old Town Square, and then back New Town Square for a Czech sausage on a bun with catsup, mustard, kraut, and onions.  Segways are everywhere, and a nuisance.  Worn out, we returned to the hotel for rest and relaxation.

People watching was a hoot.  Prague is a very cosmopolitan city, filled with people from every corner of the globe.  Here, we saw more Asians and more Muslims than anywhere on the trip.  Everywhere we went we saw hordes of young people.  In Prague, more than any other city we visited, a high “jiggle” factor was observed.  It seems like the women, both young and old alike, wear bras that provide little support!  And no slips or lined garments appear to be worn as one can’t help but notice scanty panty lines under the tight skirts, pants, and shorts!  Perhaps it’s the close proximity to Paris, but we have not seen this elsewhere.  And for you women, there are more than a few tall, lean, and strong looking young Czech men roaming the streets.  All looked like college basketball players, but the ones I spoke with preferred boxing.

KAY’S TAKE:   Friday evening we walked a few blocks from our hotel to the new city center.  Lots of shops, lots of outdoor cafes/beer gardens.  We strolled several blocks, taking in the sites, window shopping, etc.  then we saw our friends, Chuck & Sue.  We sat with them and drank Czech beer and ate a Czech sausage.  The people watching was great.  

Saturday morning we took Viking’s Prague city tour and it was fantastic!  What an incredible old city.  Beautiful structures everywhere you turned.  I felt like I had been transported back to the 1500’s.  It’s an old city preserved but repurposed and enjoyed by this century.  The crowds can be somewhat overwhelming sometimes.  We walked for almost 4 hours – saw the astronomical clock (amazing) the Jewish Pogram & cemetery, many cathedrals, the opera hall, the old new synagogue, the Charles Bridge, and the Prague castle and St. Vitus’ Cathedral.  Our guide, shown below on the left, was perhaps the most interesting and knowledgeable yet.  Fantastic!  She often guides for the U.S. embassy. 

We did the same Saturday night except in the old town market. 

Sunday morning we slept a little later and again tried the breakfast buffet.  I did find the omelet station.  Mine was as bland as can be imagined even though I asked for tomatoes, mushrooms, onions, & cheese.  It tasted more like an egg white omelet or perhaps an egg from an anemic chicken.  Coffee was warm, but again the cappuccino was Luke warm.  A mediocre buffet offering, to be sure.  We walked the old town again with the Mercers, shared several dark beers, shopped or mostly window shopped, and ate a Czech sausage roll.  The day was sunny and quite warm – I suspect near 90*.  There were three street musicians dressed up in leather pants, shirtless, singing and playing ancient looking pipes.  They looked and sounded like ancient Moguls or something.  Very good and entertaining.  A festival for children was going on near the new square.  School is starting this week, so this is the last weekend of their summer holiday.  Lots of families out today.  Many Czech women, young and older, don’t appear to wear bras.  More bouncing than we normally see.  LOL.   Amazingly, we see the exterior of a large grand old building and it’s been repurposed inside into many modern, chic, upscale shops, as in an inside mall.  There are dozens in walking distance of us.  Oh, yes, we saw a super market sign a block from us and at first we couldn’t find it.  Donald noticed a directional sign pointing down to the subway.  That’s where the grocery store was!  Get off the subway and stop for groceries on your way home!  Who knew?

These Europeans love their outdoor bistros, patios, and beer gardens.  They don’t appear to have air conditioning in many of the restaurants, and at least outside they have the chance of a breeze.  People watching is a major activity.  There are people here from countries all over the world.  It’s a microcosm – perhaps all great cities are.  Any way, we have loved Prague!  Can’t imagine how awful it must have been for them under communist rule; but they’ve been independent for 25 years now and their economy appears to be doing quiet well.  And Tourism isn’t in the top three!  

Well, it’s our last night in Europe.  We fly out around noon tomorrow (August 31), fly to JFK, then Atlanta, then LR.  We get in very late – we’re staying in a hotel near the airport and then good friend Pam will transport us home.  Tired puppies, I’m sure!  It’s been a trip of a lifetime.

KAY’s TAKE:  Because Europe had a mild winter (not much snow ) and a warmer than usual summer, the rivers are lower and apparently Viking and other river cruise lines have had to cancel trips.  Some they have attempted but had to switch river ships & passengers.  We, however, were blessed with some rain that helped our ship travel the entire 1100 miles from Amsterdam to Budapest.  We were spoiled as much as possible by Viking.  It was wonderful.  The food was good and we ate too much, but it wasn’t exceptional.  However, our wait staff was great!  We loved Dasan (Serbian) and Andrea (Slavakian).  They were the best in the entire dining room.

The lunches, especially, were fairly bland.  We enjoyed free wine & beer at any meal.  Which was great!  All excursions were great except one – an extra one that we chose in lieu of the regular city tour.  All of the regular excursions were included in the price of the cruise.  We really had some fabulous guides who spoke excellent English, were very knowledgeable and interesting.  The only optional excursion that I wish we had done was the concert in Vienna.  It cost extra.  Everyone said it was wonderful.  It’s a good thing I did not buy a ticket because I got food poisoning the day before and I didn’t feel like going for sure.  Can’t remember throwing up that hard ever – dry heaved for several hours later.   One thing about the ship that was especially great, is they have many 110 outlets in the guest cabins.  We were able to charge 2 iPhones, 2 iPads, and Donald could use his cpap machine all without using a converter.  Same for my curling iron.  Did I mention that the bathroom tile floors were heated?  We have those at home also.  Viking just did a lot of things on the ship and the excursions that made the trip so great.

I didn’t bring enough clothes.  I packed and then took about half out.  A mistake.  I needed 6-8 (only brought 3 ss/4ls) more short sleeve tops, 2-3 jackets/sweaters (only took 1), a pair of jeans (took 4 capris & 2 slacks), 3 more pair of shorts (only took 1), and 2-3 more casual dressy outfits for dinner meals.  She also should have brought some costume jewelry and scarves to dress up or change some inter matching outfits.  Lesson learned!  Also could have used a pair of sandals.  Although tennis shoes were necessary for walking during the city tours because of all the cobblestone streets.

DONALD’S TAKE:  Everything about Viking’s Grand European Tour was classy from the moment we boarded until we walked the gangplank leaving.  Much of my opinion regarding life aboard the Viking Gefjon was expressed in an earlier blog entry.  The Catepillar engines, perhaps designed and built under the direction of good friend Jim Passe, hummed quietly as they powered the long boat 1100 miles through Europe.

I, too, did not bring enough clothes.  In hindsight, I would have brought more shorts as they were allowed everywhere we went, including cathedrals, and more golf shirts, several pair of ankle socks (I borrowed a pair from Kay and wore them the whole trip); this would have prevented daily washing.  An additional pair of casual dress slacks and a sports coat would have also been welcomed.   And, I would have used the boat’s laundry service more.  I didn’t need the extra big camera and lens, though a really good small camera would have been welcomed as the crowds were overwhelming.  Only one credit card was needed, and it should be a VISA or MasterCard.  I should have made a paper copy of our passports to carry as we were strongly  discouraged from carrying the real thing; they remained in the room’s safe.  We used Euros the entire trip, and found $500 to be more than sufficient, though we didn’t buy souvenirs, etc. 

All the onboard lectures, special music, and events were a “must see”; I missed a couple and regret it.  And, we should have bought the inexpensive (about 6€) river map at the start of the trip rather than the middle.

Germany was my favorite country, perhaps because of all the bike trails along their rivers; we saw bicycles everywhere on the trip.

Germany’s small villages were among our favorite stops.  We were in more cathedrals and Catholic churches than most practicing US Catholics visit in a lifetime.  I was overwhelmed by the opulence of these churches and the many palaces we toured. Viewing the scenic countryside from the sun deck was a welcome change.  I wish we could have spent more time in Vienna–one day was not enough–and Bratislava did nothing for me.

English was spoken practically everywhere, and we found the people of the various countries to be very friendly.  Despite what one hears from biased media in the US, we are liked and appreciated overseas, at least in the countries visited, as is President Obama (not a political statement, but an observation).  Also, unlike the U.S., most “public” restrooms, including those in shops and cafes, require a fee of 0.5€ (50 cents), or a voucher showing a purchase.  Most are clean and free of undesirables.

While I would not do this particular trip again–been there and done that–I would definitely sail with Viking, and hope we can tour Europe many more times.

This morning we said goodbye to new friends Sid and Karen and to the wonderful Viking Gefjon staff; meeting and visiting with Sid and Karen was a highlight of the trip.
We boarded a bus for an almost 8-hour ride to Prague.  The bus was comfortable enough, hut the tour guide and two bus drivers talked constantly, and proved quite annoying, as we were provided very little information about places along the route.  Also, the “rest” stop was at a service station, and 7 other tour buses stopped as well–talk about crowded conditions!  And, lunch (on our own unbeknownst to us, was at another service station ill prepared for the crowd.  We had chicken schnitzel and chips, the only food we recognized.  Again, our guide was of little assistance.  As we drove through Hungary, Slavakia, and the Czech Republic, we were struck by the occasional conglomerates of very plain “faceless” high rise apartments dotting the otherwise mostly rural countryside.  It was a side of Slavakia, and Bratislava in particular, of which we had not been informed, perhaps unintentionally, when the Viking Gefjon stopped there earlier in the week.  The seemingly endless rolling hills of sunflower fields, with occasional corn fields scattered about, reminded us of South Dakota.  And, as we rode further north in the Czech Republic, “deer” stands abounded, and they were exactly like those familiar to us in Arkansas.
We arrived at our hotel in Prague, and thankfully were the first to check-in.  Our room, with two 3/4 beds, was quite spacious, except for the bathroom, which was handicap enabled; the bathroom itself was large but the shower was minuscule, particularly for a big ol’ boy like me.

Budapest, as seen from the Viking Gefjon, as we entered the city last night.  It is perhaps the most beautiful night skyline in the world.

Hungary, with a population of almost 10 million people, lies in the heart of Europe, landlocked, and bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, and Slovenia.  Its size and population were considerably diminished following WW I when it lost about 70% of its territory and half its population.  And again, as part of the defeated Axis powers in WW II, Hungary suffered significant damage, and became a part of the Communist Bloc as a consequence of defeat of Germany and the resulting treaty among the Allied powers.  According to our guide, the people of Hungary suffered significantly under the harshness of Communist rule which ended in 1989.

Budapest, pronounced Budapesht, derives its name from buda, meaning hills, and pest (pesht), meaning flatlands.  It has a population of over 1 million people. It’s architecture is of baroque, neoclassical, Art Nouveau, and communist style, the latter being very plain, colorless, and prefabricated.  Notable structures include the Chain Bridge, Hungarian Parliament Building, Buda Castle, and Matthias Church, to name but a few.  The view of the Danube riverfront and the Buda Castle District was named an UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.

Typical of other large European cities, it is very cosmopolitan with a plethora of designer shops, book shops, art and music venues, and coffee shops and sidewalk cafes.  It is home to Dohany Synagogue, the largest in Europe.  Budapest also has some 80 thermal springs, and Turkish baths abound.  Budapest and Hungary are, by far, the least affluent city and country, respectively, that we have visited as wages are about 20% of surrounding countries.  As a consequence, and with now open borders, they are losing many of their young people to Middle and Western European cities.

Our combination bus/walking tour took us to both Buda and Pest, through the historic Heroes’ Square, along Fishermen’s Hill to Fishermen’s Bastion, and to Matthias Church–too much and too much to do in the short span of 4 hours.

Today, we are in Slovakia, part of the former Czechoslovakia.  A communist state under the control of the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia underwent a “Velvet Revolution” in 1989 with the fall of communism, and separated into the Slovakia and the Czech Republic in 1993.  Slovakia—bordered by Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Ukraine—is a member of both NATO and the European Union, and its currency is the euro.  Surprisingly, Kia autos are manufactured in Slovakia as are other automobile brands.  As with most other European countries, school is mandatory until age 14, and then technical school or college (for those who qualify) is free.

Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia.  It is a typical small European capital city, with a mix of rococo/baroque and contemporary architecture.  Our guide was quite open about her objection to the modern buildings and structures versus the opulent architecture of earlier times.  Our escorted bus/walking tour took us on streets occupied by foreign embassies (according to the Slovakian guide, the US ambassadorship is vacant until a new US president is elected), expensive residences, and the historic city center containing additional embassies. 

The Viking Gefjon continued sailing downstream on the Danube, through yet another extraordinarily scenic reach of the trip.  This stretch of the Danube yielded a landscape dotted with ruined castles, farms, villages, some vineyards, and a steep forested gorge, among the most scenic areas we have seen on the tour.

And then, after dinner, with darkness overtaking the skies, we sailed into a brightly lit Budapest riverfront about 11 pm, perhaps the prettiest capitol city in Europe.

Arriving in Vienna early this morning, the Viking Gefjon tied up along the waterfront, some distance from city center.  Vienna was at one time the seat of the Hapsburg Monarchy and the center of the Holy Roman Empire.  Today, it is home to about 1.5 million people, and has the appearance and feel of the world’s large cities like New York, with many high-end shops and stores.  It is considered one of the world’s greatest centers of art, music (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Liszt, and Strauss) and architecture.  In fact the architecture was quite interesting—and controversial among Austrians—with buildings of rococo, baroque, gothic, and ultra modern style and design adjacent to each other.  Vienna is home to great coffee, pastry, and chocolate, and we did sample the apple strudel and sachertorte, a chocolate cake with apricot marmalade between layers, and both were good.

There was too much to see and do in Vienna, so we chose a simple guided walking excursion that featured Schonbrunn, the luxurious summer palace of Empress Maria Theresa, yet another UNESCO World Heritage Site.  (Lipizzan stallions are also stabled here.)

One could spend significant time in Vienna, as there are many historic sites and museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts, the Albertina Museum, and the Belvedere Museum. Vienna is also home to Wiener Riesenrad, the world’s oldest Ferris wheel and the tallest from 1920 to 1985.

Fortunately, we returned to the boat after the walking tour as Kay got extremely sick, probably from food poisoning.  A few hours of privacy and sleep, and she bounced back good as new.

The Viking Gefjon arrived early at Emmersdorf.  Emmersdorf is best known as the location of 900-year old Melk Abbey overlooking the Danube River Valley.  Melk Abbey dates to the 11th century when it was presented to the Benedictine monks who turned it into a fortified abbey.  Today’s abbey was built in the early 1700s in the baroque style to serve as a royal palace for Maria Theresa with ceremonial courts, guest apartments, grand halls, and a magnificent library containing around 80,000 medieval manuscripts.  Also, a 700-student school run by the monks still exists here.  Black-robed Benedictine monks still stroll amid the marble sculptures and frescoed walls, though we saw none.  While the interior was awesome, I thought the exterior was breathtaking.

We departed Emmersdorf at mid-afternoon, sailing downstream to Krems through what is known locally as “the Wachau”, a spectacular river valley surrounded by steep, forested mountains dotted by castles (including the one in which Richard the Lionhearted was held captive), vineyards, medieval villages, and occasional nude sunbathers.  The valley is, of course, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and was perhaps the most scenic sailing of the trip.

Nothing was scheduled for Krems, though we caught a shuttle bus from the boat to the city center for a brief, unaccompanied walking tour.  Krems is another village along the Danube of medieval heritage with several cafes and shops in the small city center.  This was the least impressive stop on the Grand European Tour to date.

After sailing downstream on the Danube River through the night, we stopped at Passau, a relatively small but historic city (population of 50,000) in southern Bavaria, and our last German city as it lies near Germany’s border with Austria.  Passau was an important medieval city for the salt trade.  The salt, “white gold” as it was called, was mined in the Alpine, and transported to Passau for processing.  The entrepreneurs became very wealthy and powerful.  The salt trade was lost in 1707 when all salt imports to Passau were forbidden.  Fires ravaged the city in the 17th century, but it was rebuilt to reflect the baroque character one sees when walking by the churches and patrician houses.  Passau is also home to St. Stephen’s Cathedral, located on the highest point in Old Town.  Dating back to medieval times, the cathedral is home to the largest “pipe” organ in the world, outside of the US—17,974 pipes, 233 stops, and 4 carillons.

Passau is known as the “City of Three Rivers” as it lies at the confluence of the Inn, the Danube, and the Ilz Rivers.  Each of the rivers is a different color—the blue Danube, the dark green of the Inn which flows in from the north, and the turbid light brownish gray from the Ill flowing from the Swiss Alps to the south (colored by significant glacial flour).

Once again, bicycles were everywhere.  We were particularly impressed with a free, self-service bicycle repair center.

Due to its location at the confluence with the three rivers, Passau is subject to severe flooding.  Historic floods have struck the city over the many centuries since records were kept.  Surpassed only by the flood in the 14th century, 2013 flooding devastated the city and much rebuilding is ongoing.  Note the lower right hand corner of the building shown in the photo below, and then the following photo shows flood levels!

After leaving Passau, we sailed about 1.8 miles (3 kilometers) crossing into Austria, and saying goodbye to Germany.  Germany was a pleasant surprise, as I expected a heavy industrialized countryside.  Instead, many of the cities we visited were quaint, and abounded with cafes and medieval churches.  Except for the few old cities along the rivers, much of the countryside is rural, and bike paths/trails can be found on at least one side, if not both, of the lands adjoining the rivers, and these are heavily used; also, one sees many bicycles in the cities.  If our health holds, Kay and I are considering a bicycle tour somewhere in Europe.  The Viking Gefjon provided great meals, so we consequently ate on board and not in the cities; however, the umbrella-clad sidewalk cafes looked awesome, and throughout Bavaria, locals enjoyed sausages, beer, wine, pastries, and ice cream.  In total, our experience in Germany was fantastic, and we will return if time and travel priorities allow.

NOTE from Donald: Yesterday’s extensive weather and distance walking resulting in back soreness and sciatica; thus, I opted to remain on board with a few others also too feeble to execute the 5-hour walking tour and free time in Nuremberg. It proved to be fortuitous as I was able to transit the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and witness firsthand the filling of these locks from concrete storage areas to minimize water loss in the canals.

Last night, Thursday, we sailed from the Main River into the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal, a manmade navigable waterway essentially connecting the North Sea of Western Europe to the Black Sea of Eastern Europe and Asia. A canal of this type was conceived by Charlemagne in 793, but only about 10,000 feet were dug. A second, and successful, attempt to connect Europe via canal was undertaken in 1846, but the logistics of navigating through 100 locks and the advent of the railroad resulted in its abandonment. The current effort was completed in 1992 as one of the largest civil engineering projects ever undertaken. The canal has a total of 16 locks about 40 feet wide, 625 feet long, and up to 100 feet deep. It even passes over a couple of roads along the way, much as a highway overpass. To assist in maintaining water levels in the canal, there are concrete reservoirs adjacent to the locks for recycling and storage of water. The canal reaches a height of more than 1,300 feet south of Nuremberg over the Swabian Alps.

The area is mostly rural, and row crops, mainly corn, abound. A bike path adjoins the canal on either side, sometimes on both sides, and is quite popular with bicyclists and walkers.

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KAY’S TAKE (written by Kay)

We loaded on a bus from the ship for a 30-minute drive into the city of Nuremberg, the second largest city in Bavaria. Bavaria is the largest federal state in Germany. The people here are Franconians. As we drove closer, it appeared to be a very modern city with many tall buildings.

First, we arrived at the Documentation Center and the Nazi Rallying Grounds located on the edge of the city. The center was never completed; it was Hitler’s vision of a large building similar in size to the coliseum in Rome that would honor him. The outside shell was completed; the interior was not. It is located on the site where all Nazi Party rallies were held. Next to this building is the Zeppelin Field where many of the propaganda and grandiose parades and events were held extolling Germany’s return to glory under his leadership. For many years after the war, the history of the Third Reich and the horrors of this regime were quietly ignored. In the 1980’s an honest effort was made to document the propaganda and growth that led to the rise of Hitler and to document the terrible atrocities in order to educate the next generations of Germans so that it would not be forgotten or repeated. Also the German Resistance movement was documented. A museum was completed in part of the documentation center to reveal all that occurred.

On the way in to the walled Old Town, we saw the justice buildings that served as the site for the famous Nuremberg Trials. It was the first time in history that multiple countries—the US, Britain, France, and USSR—worked together to bring war criminals to justice. The three top Nazi leaders committed suicide.

Next, we drove to the historic Old Town and the Imperial Castle which is surrounded by a wall, resulting in a walled city within the modern city. The castle was originally constructed in the 1100’s with multiple buildings added over the centuries up to the 1600’s. It is located on a large hill in the middle of the city with a magnificent view. Under the hill are many caves where beer and other things were stored. When Nuremberg was bombed by the Allies in 1945, approximately 95% of the city was destroyed. Only 50% of the Imperial Castle was damaged, and 50,000 of its residents were unharmed. How? The caves served as their bomb shelter. Roughly 30 years later the city had been rebuilt with help from the Marshal Plan.

A specialty not to be missed is Lebkuchen. Some call it gingerbread—it’s not; there’s no ginger or flour in it. It is a beloved German Christmas cookie, made from many ground nuts. They are available from many market stalls in the market square and in many bakery or specialty shops. I bought ours from the Lebkuchen Schmidt because Schmidt is the name of some of my dear longtime friends.

Nuremberg today is a city of multiple layers—a railway hub, 80 Gothic towers in the visual profile, Mastersingers tradition with an impressive Opera House, many impressive buildings demonstrating the German Renaissance influence, and an active Market Square with many patio bistros lining the quiet lazy River Pegnitz which wanders quietly through the city.

NOTE from Donald: Yesterday’s extensive weather and distance walking resulting in back soreness and sciatica; thus, I opted to remain on board with a few others also too feeble to execute the 5-hour walking tour and free time in Nuremberg. It proved to be fortuitous as I was able to transit the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and witness firsthand the filling of these locks from concrete storage areas to minimize water loss in the canals.

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